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ВООРУЖЕНИЕ |
Arms and Armour of the
Crusading Era, 1050-1350 By David Nicolle
NORTHERN FRANCE
24 'Herod's soldiers', stained glass window, County of Blois, с 1150 (in situ west end of Cathedral, Chartres, France) This is one of the oldest pieces of glass in Chartres Cathedral and the military equipment is virtually the same as that on the lost windows of St Denis. Here two men have long, barely tapering swords with short thick quillons. One man also wears a mid- or long-sleeved mail hauberk without a coif.
25 'Massacre of the Innocents', stained glass window, County of Blois, late 12th century (in situ Cathedral, Chartres, France) On this slightly later window the sword has longer quillons, a heavy pommel and a more tapering blade.
26A-C 'Murder of St Thomas Becket', County of Blois, c.1210 (in situ Cathedral, Chartres, France) Considerable differences can be seen by the start of the 13th century. Mail hauberks now include mittens, while the coifs might be separate, though that cannot be identified here. Mail chausses are worn and the shields have become shorter and broader, generally with flattened tops. The most striking change is, however, in helmets. These are now flat topped, one or perhaps two with fixed face-mask visors (A and B), one without such a visor (C). None protect the sides or back of the head and so cannot be called great helms. They are, in fact, an important transitional form. The absence of a visor on one such flat-topped helmet suggests that some early face-masks may have been removable.
27 'Count Thibault VI of Chartres',stained glass window, County of Blois, c.1217 20 (in situ Cathedral, Chartres, France) On this much obscured window Count Thibault has the same arms and armour as is shown in the 'Murder of St Thomas Becket' except that he has no helmet over his mail coif and greater prominence is given to the coat-of-arms on his shield.
28A—M 'Legend of Roland and Oliver', stained glass window, County of Blois, с 1218 (in situ Cathedral, Chartres, France) A - 'Slain Moors'; В - 'Roland'; С - 'Roland'; D-G - 'Moors'; H-J -'Army of Charlemagne'; К - 'Charlemagne'; L-M - 'Roland and Oliver'. Essentially the same styles are seen in this window as in the 'Murder of Becket' except that the Christians' flat-topped helmets have round edges. This may indicate a slightly later style or simply a variation in construction technique. All such helmets are shown with facial visors (A, C, H-K). Some reach below the chin while others seem a little shorter (C, H and J). One visored helmet looks almost conical (J) but is clearly not the same as the simple conical helmets worn by most of the 'Moors' (A and G). Only once is a defeated 'Moor' shown in a helmet with a forward-angled crown (A). The Christians wear long-sleeved mail hauberks with mittens, mail coifs and mail chausses. Most but not all have surcoats and carry the newer, broader, flat-topped kite-shaped shields (В, С, H-K). Spears are the favoured weapons while broadswords with straight (J) or curved (I and L) quillons are hung from knotted sword-belts (J). The equipment of the 'Moors' is more fanciful and less realistic though it was probably based on a conventionalised reality. Mail or scale hauberks and coifs are shown (A, D, E and G), as well as mail chausses (E-G). Lamellar cuirasses are worn over the mail (A, E and G), while shields are round.
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®Автор проекта: Вадим Анохин Дизайн: Templar Art Studio 2006. Техническая поддержка: Галина Росси Данный сайт является составной частью проекта Global Folio |
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